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Coley's toxins (also called Coley's toxin, Coley's vaccine, Coley vaccine or mixed bacterial vaccine) is a mixture consisting of killed bacteria of species ''Streptococcus pyogenes'' and ''Serratia marcescens'', named after William Coley, a surgical oncologist who developed the mixture in the late 19th century as a treatment for cancer.〔() Pick, Thomas Pickering, "Surgery," Longmans, Green and Company, 1899, Pages 250–251. Retrieved August 3, 2010.〕 == History == Observations of a relationship between infection and cancer regression date back to at least the 18th century.〔Hobohm, U.: ''()'' ''Fever and cancer in perspective'', Cancer Immunol Immunother 2001) 50: 391–396 10.1007/s002620100216〕 More specifically, observations of an apparent relationship between erysipelas and remission of cancer predate Coley.〔W. Busch. Einfluβ von Erysipel. Berliner Klin Wschr 1866. 3: 245–246.〕 For example, Anton Chekhov, in his capacity as a physician, recorded such a relationship in 1884. Coley started his investigations after the death of one of his first patients, Elizabeth Dashiell, from sarcoma. Dashiell was a close childhood friend of John D. Rockefeller, Jr., who later indicated that her death was what first motivated his subsequent funding of cancer research. Frustrated by this case, Coley's subsequent research led him to announce evidence of the apparent relationship between infection and cancer regression, which he published in 1891.〔Coley WB. Annals of Surgery 1891;14:199–200〕 His initial attempts at deliberate infection were mixed, but in 1893 he began combining ''Streptococcus pyogenes'' and ''Serratia marcescens'', based upon research from G.H. Roger indicating that this combination led to greater virulence.〔Roger, G.H. Séances et Mém Soc de Biol Paris 1890;2:573–580〕 Coley published the results of his work as a case series, making it difficult to interpret them with confidence. According to the American Cancer Society, "more research would be needed to determine what benefit, if any, this therapy might have for people with cancer". The so-called Coley's Toxins were used against different types of cancer from the year 1893〔Coley WB. The treatment of malignant tumors by repeated inoculations of Erysipelas, with a report of ten original cases. Am J Med Sci 1893;105:487–511.〕 through the year 1963. From 1923 on, Parke-Davis was the only source of Coley's Toxins in the United States. In the wake of the thalidomide controversy and the Kefauver Harris Amendment of 1962, Coley's Toxins were assigned "new drug" status by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), making it illegal to prescribe them outside of clinical trials. Since then, several small clinical trials have been conducted with mixed results.〔(Germs As A Tumor Foe? ), from the ''Los Angeles Times'', published February 18, 2008. Accessed March 26, 2008.〕 Coley's Toxins were also produced by the small German pharmaceutical company ''Südmedica'' and sold under the trade name ''Vaccineurin''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=History and Background )〕 However, production ceased by 1990 because of a lack of re-approval by German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices. According to Cancer Research UK, "available scientific evidence does not currently support claims that Coley's toxins can treat or prevent cancer". People with cancer who take Coley's toxins alongside conventional cancer treatments, or who use it as a substitute for those treatments, risk seriously harming their health.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Coley's toxins」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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